{"id":11315,"date":"2023-10-26T10:31:04","date_gmt":"2023-10-26T08:31:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wemedia.be\/?p=11315"},"modified":"2023-10-26T10:31:05","modified_gmt":"2023-10-26T08:31:05","slug":"point-sur-le-dma-la-commission-a-publie-sa-premiere-liste-de-controleurs-dacces","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wemedia.be\/fr\/nieuws\/point-sur-le-dma-la-commission-a-publie-sa-premiere-liste-de-controleurs-dacces\/","title":{"rendered":"Point sur le DMA\u00a0: la Commission a publi\u00e9 sa premi\u00e8re liste de \u00ab\u00a0contr\u00f4leurs d\u2019acc\u00e8s\u00a0\u00bb"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>Entr\u00e9 en vigueur (progressivement) depuis le 2 mai 2023, le <a href=\"https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/strategy-and-policy\/priorities-2019-2024\/europe-fit-digital-age\/digital-markets-act-ensuring-fair-and-open-digital-markets_fr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Digital Markets Act<\/a> instaure un v\u00e9ritable changement dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie num\u00e9rique. Le DMA vise avant tout \u00e0 r\u00e9tablir une concurrence \u00e9quitable sur les march\u00e9s num\u00e9riques en limitant la domination \u00e9conomique des grandes plateformes num\u00e9riques appel\u00e9es \u00ab\u00a0contr\u00f4leurs d\u2019acc\u00e8s\u00a0\u00bb ou \u00ab\u00a0Gatekeepers\u00a0\u00bb. Il veut e.a. \u00e9tendre aux g\u00e9ants du net l\u2019obligation d\u2019appliquer des conditions d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitables, raisonnables et non discriminatoires \u00e0 leurs utilisateurs professionnels. Le 6 septembre 2023, la Commission europ\u00e9enne a publi\u00e9 une premi\u00e8re liste de six contr\u00f4leurs d&rsquo;acc\u00e8s qui seront soumis au DMA.\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les grandes plateformes num\u00e9riques et en particulier les GAFAM (Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon, et Microsoft) disposent d\u2019une masse cons\u00e9quente de donn\u00e9es sur leurs utilisateurs. La mainmise de ces plateformes sur l\u2019\u00e9conomique num\u00e9rique rend les petites entreprises et les consommateurs particuli\u00e8rement d\u00e9pendants de leurs services. L\u2019objectif premier du DMA est donc d\u2019encadrer les activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques de ces g\u00e9ants du num\u00e9rique, de lutter contre les pratiques anticoncurrentielles et garantir un niveau de concurrence plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 sur les march\u00e9s num\u00e9riques europ\u00e9ens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour atteindre ses objectifs, le DMA interdit \u00e0 ces plateformes num\u00e9riques un certain nombre de pratiques commerciales qui emp\u00eacheraient la concurrence et l\u2019entr\u00e9e sur le march\u00e9 de nouvelles entreprises. Il met en place des outils de r\u00e9gulation pour assurer une concurrence loyale et permettre aux petites et moyennes entreprises de prendre place dans le march\u00e9 num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Mais quelles sont pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment les entreprises vis\u00e9es par le DMA\u00a0?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le texte pr\u00e9voit qu\u2019il s\u2019applique \u00ab&nbsp;aux services de plateforme essentiels fournis ou propos\u00e9s par des contr\u00f4leurs d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des entreprises utilisatrices \u00e9tablies dans l\u2019Union ou \u00e0 des utilisateurs finaux \u00e9tablis ou situ\u00e9s dans l\u2019Union.&nbsp;\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;Le DMA liste dix types de services de plateforme de base, \u00e0 savoir&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>services d\u2019interm\u00e9diation en ligne;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>moteurs de recherche en ligne;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>services de r\u00e9seaux sociaux en ligne;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>services de plateformes de partage de vid\u00e9os;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>services de communications interpersonnelles non fond\u00e9s sur la num\u00e9rotation;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>syst\u00e8mes d\u2019exploitation;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>navigateurs internet;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>assistants virtuels;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>services d\u2019informatique en nuage;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>services de publicit\u00e9 en ligne, y compris tout r\u00e9seau publicitaire, \u00e9change publicitaire et autre service d\u2019interm\u00e9diation publicitaire.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il pr\u00e9cise \u00e9galement qu\u2019une entreprise est d\u00e9sign\u00e9e comme \u00e9tant un contr\u00f4leur d\u2019acc\u00e8s si&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Elle a un poids important sur le march\u00e9 int\u00e9rieur, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire qu\u2019elle a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 un chiffre d\u2019affaires annuel dans l\u2019Union d\u2019au moins 7,5 milliards d\u2019euros, ou d\u2019une capitalisation boursi\u00e8re moyenne d\u2019au moins 75 milliards d\u2019euros&nbsp;et d\u2019une pr\u00e9sence dans au moins trois \u00c9tats membres&nbsp;;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Elle fournit un service de plateforme essentiel qui constitue un point d\u2019acc\u00e8s majeur permettant aux entreprises utilisatrices d\u2019atteindre leurs utilisateurs finaux, \u00e0 savoir plus de 45 millions d&rsquo;Europ\u00e9ens par mois et plus de 10 000 utilisateurs professionnels actifs annuels \u00e9tablis dans l\u2019Union au cours du dernier exercice financier&nbsp;;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Elle jouit d\u2019une position solide et durable dans ses activit\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le 6 septembre 2023,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/france.representation.ec.europa.eu\/informations\/reglement-sur-les-marches-numeriques-la-commission-designe-six-controleurs-dacces-2023-09-06_fr#:~:text=La%20Commission%20europ%C3%A9enne%20a%20d%C3%A9sign%C3%A9,r%C3%A8glement%20sur%20les%20march%C3%A9s%20num%C3%A9riques.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">la Commission europ\u00e9enne a publi\u00e9 une&nbsp;premi\u00e8re liste de six contr\u00f4leurs d&rsquo;acc\u00e8s<\/a> (Gatekeepers).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il s&rsquo;agit \u00e9videmment des GAFAM Alphabet (Google), Amazon, Apple, Meta (Facebook) et Microsoft et du groupe chinois&nbsp;ByteDance,&nbsp;propri\u00e9taire de TikTok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Au total, 22 services de plateforme de base fournis par des \u00ab\u00a0gatekeepers\u00a0\u00bb ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9sign\u00e9s, dont TikTok, Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, Whatsapp, Messenger, Google Maps, Play, Shopping et Search, Amazon et Meta Marketplace, App Store, Youtube, Chrome, Safari, Google Android, iOS, Windows PC OS, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ces entreprises sont soumises \u00e0 certaines obligations ou interdictions reprises aux articles 5 et 6 du DMA. Certaines de ces obligations et interdictions sont applicables \u00e0 tous, d&rsquo;autres seront prononc\u00e9es sur mesure. Parmi celles-ci, on retrouve par exemple&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\u2019obligation de rendre aussi facile le d\u00e9sabonnement que l&rsquo;abonnement \u00e0 un service de plateforme essentiel&nbsp;;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Autoriser la modification des choix par d\u00e9faut&nbsp;;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Permettre la portabilit\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es de leur service vers un service concurrent&nbsp;;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Autoriser les vendeurs \u00e0 promouvoir leurs offres et \u00e0 conclure des contrats avec leurs clients en dehors des&nbsp;plateformes ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2019interdiction d\u2019imposer les logiciels les plus importants comme un navigateur web, des moteurs de recherche ou des assistants virtuels par d\u00e9faut \u00e0 l&rsquo;installation d\u2019un syst\u00e8me d\u2019exploitation&nbsp;; etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En cas de non-respect des obligations, la Commission pourra infliger une amende de 10% du chiffre d\u2019affaire du contr\u00f4leur d\u2019acc\u00e8s, ou de 20 % en cas de r\u00e9cidive, ou encore, dans les cas les plus graves, imposer des mesures correctives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Envie de lire plus ?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wemedia.be\/fr\/nieuws\/dans-la-bibliotheque-de-veerle-neyens\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dans la biblioth\u00e8que de\u2026Veerle Neyens<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wemedia.be\/fr\/nieuws\/la-presse-au-futur-le-programme-est-complet\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">La Presse au Futur : le programme est complet !<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wemedia.be\/fr\/nieuws\/la-presse-au-futur-ne-sera-plus-seulement-de-la-presse\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">La Presse au Futur ne sera plus seulement de la presse<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wemedia.be\/fr\/nieuws\/mieke-berendsen-les-magazines-sont-un-moment-de-repos-et-pas-necessairement-digital\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mieke Berendsen : \u00ab&nbsp;Les magazines sont un moment de repos, et pas n\u00e9cessairement digital&nbsp;\u00bb<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wemedia.be\/fr\/nieuws\/dans-la-bibliotheque-de-ineke-le-compte\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dans la biblioth\u00e8que de\u2026Ineke Lecompte<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Entr\u00e9 en vigueur (progressivement) depuis le 2 mai 2023, le Digital Markets Act instaure un v\u00e9ritable changement dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie num\u00e9rique. Le DMA vise avant tout \u00e0 r\u00e9tablir une concurrence \u00e9quitable sur les march\u00e9s num\u00e9riques en limitant la domination \u00e9conomique des grandes plateformes num\u00e9riques appel\u00e9es \u00ab\u00a0contr\u00f4leurs d\u2019acc\u00e8s\u00a0\u00bb ou \u00ab\u00a0Gatekeepers\u00a0\u00bb. Il veut&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":11316,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[59],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11315","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-fr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.12 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Point sur le DMA\u00a0: la Commission a publi\u00e9 sa premi\u00e8re liste de \u00ab\u00a0contr\u00f4leurs d\u2019acc\u00e8s\u00a0\u00bb - WE MEDIA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le DMA vise \u00e0 r\u00e9tablir une concurrence \u00e9quitable sur les march\u00e9s num\u00e9riques en limitant la domination des \u00ab contr\u00f4leurs d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00bb\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wemedia.be\/fr\/nieuws\/point-sur-le-dma-la-commission-a-publie-sa-premiere-liste-de-controleurs-dacces\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Point sur le DMA\u00a0: la Commission a publi\u00e9 sa premi\u00e8re liste de \u00ab\u00a0contr\u00f4leurs d\u2019acc\u00e8s\u00a0\u00bb - 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